Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Lactoferrin-Modified Ultra-Sustained Release Propofol Nanoparticles for Multi-Pathway Therapy of Depression via Intraperitoneal Injection

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S645818

Figure Lengend Snippet: LF-PVA@Pro NPs alleviate CRS-induced neuropathological damage and restore neuronal activity and neurotransmitter-related signaling in the VTA and NAc. ( A ) Representative H&E staining images of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens from the control, CRS, free-propofol, PVA@Pro NPs and LF-PVA@Pro NPs groups. Boxed regions are shown at higher magnification. ( B ) Quantification of histopathological injury scores in the VTA and NAc. ( C ) Representative Nissl-staining images of the VTA and NAc in the indicated groups, with enlarged views of the selected regions. ( D) Quantification of morphologically normal Nissl-positive neurons in the VTA and NAc. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence images of c-Fos&GABA and c-Fos&DAT staining in the VTA. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. ( F ) Quantification of c-Fos and GABA fluorescence intensities in the VTA. ( G ) Quantification of c-Fos and DAT fluorescence intensities in the VTA. ( H ) Representative immunofluorescence images of c-Fos&GABA and c-Fos&DAT staining in the NAc. ( I ) Quantification of c-Fos and GABA fluorescence intensities in the NAc. ( J ) Quantification of c-Fos and DAT fluorescence intensities in the NAc. CRS exposure caused marked histopathological injury, loss of Nissl-positive neurons, and reductions in c-Fos-, GABA-, and DAT-associated fluorescence signals in the VTA and NAc. LF-PVA@Pro NPs treatment attenuated tissue injury and produced greater recovery of neuronal integrity and functional marker expression than free propofol. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n=3). *p <0.05, p <0.01, ***p <0.001 , and ****p <0.0001 ; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The sections were subsequently counterstained with DAPI staining solution (Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd.) for 15 min.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Staining, Control, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Tissue, Produced, Functional Assay, Marker, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Protectin DX alleviates lumbar radicular pain in rats by suppressing RIP3/MLKL-associated necroinflammation through restoration of autophagic function

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1957244

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of GSK’872 on pain behaviours and spinal neuroinflammation in LRP rats. (A, B) GSK’872 significantly improved MWT and TWL in LRP rats (n = 9 rats/group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.05 vs. sham group; # p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group). (C) Representative western blots showing the protein expression of RIP3 and MLKL (n = 4 rats/group). (F) Representative Western blots showing protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, AND TNF-α (n = 3 rats/group). (J) Representative images of PI staining for necrotic cells (red) (n = 3 rats/group); scale bars: 100 µm. (D, E, G-I, K) Quantitative analyses of protein levels of RIP3 (D) , MLKL (E) , IL-1β (G) , IL-6 (H) , and TNF-α (I) , as well as PI-positive cell number (K) . Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.05 vs. sham group; # p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group). Abbreviations: IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; LRP, lumbar radicular pain; MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; MWT, mechanical withdrawal threshold; PI, propidium iodide; RIP3, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3; DAPI, 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TWL, thermal withdrawal latency.

Article Snippet: Cryosections (10 μm) were prepared, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Boster, China) for 5 min at room temperature.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Protectin DX alleviates lumbar radicular pain in rats by suppressing RIP3/MLKL-associated necroinflammation through restoration of autophagic function

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1957244

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Protectin DX on pain behaviors and spinal necroinflammation in LRP rats. (A, B) PDX (10ng, 100ng or 200ng) treatment prominently meliorated the 50% MWT and prolonged TWL of LRP rat models (n = 9 rats/group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; Two-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among groups followed by Turkey’s multiple comparisons test (*P < 0.05 versus sham group; #P < 0.05 versus vehicle group; & P < 0.05 versus 10ng group). (C, F) Representative western blots showing protein expression of RIP3, MLKL, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (n = 4 rats/group). (J) Double immunofluorescence staining for MLKL (green) and PI (red) in the lumbar spinal cord on postoperative day 7 ((n = 3 rats/group). scale bars: 100µm. (D, E, G-I, K) Quantitative analyses of protein levels of RIP3 (D) , MLKL (E) , IL-1β (G) , IL-6 (H) , and TNF-α (I) , as well as MLKL/PI double-positive cell numbers (K) . Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.05 versus sham group; # p < 0.05 versus vehicle group; & p < 0.05 versus 10ng group). Abbreviations: IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; LRP, lumbar radicular pain; MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; MWT, mechanical withdrawal threshold; PI, propidium iodide; RIP3, receptor-intracting protein kinase 3; DAPI, 4’ 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TWL, thermal withdrawal latency; Protectin DX, PDX.

Article Snippet: Cryosections (10 μm) were prepared, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Boster, China) for 5 min at room temperature.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Double Immunofluorescence Staining